Sublime

“Children have an initial inclination to help, but extrinsic rewards may diminish it. Socialization practices can thus build on these tendencies, working in concert rather than in conflict with children’s natural predisposition to act altruistically.”

Phylogenetic learning is collective learning, but it is competitive rather than cooperative;

Fast evolution is Exhibit D in the retrial of group selection. If genetic evolution can be fast, and if the human genome coevolves with cultural innovations, then it becomes quite possible that human nature was altered in just a few thousand years, somewhere in Africa, by group selection during particularly harsh periods.

Cooperation…is its own evolutionary force that contributes to an organism’s immediate survival but also creates the possibility for adaptive responses to future challenges. » Rafe Sagarin

Galton was, in essence, able to establish some of the practical consequences of Mendelian genetics without the benefit of knowing any genetics, nearly two decades before Mendel’s work was rediscovered.

En rendant les modèles plus réalistes, en les calquant davantage sur les êtres humains en chair et en os, la sélection au niveau des groupes saute aux yeux. Wilson fait remarquer que les êtres humains évoluent simultanément à deux niveaux: le niveau génétique et le niveau culturel.

Nombre de théoriciens de l’évolution ont longtemps soutenu que les gènes favorisant un comportement égocentrique avaient une plus grande probabilité d’être transmis aux générations suivantes. Les individus porteurs de ces gènes faisant passer systématiquement leurs intérêts avant ceux des autres, ils auraient davantage de chances de survivre et de

Lamarckism. Its key idea is that improvements acquired by an organism during its lifetime can be inherited by its offspring.