Neuroscience

Learned helplessness, the failure to escape shock induced by uncontrollable aversive events, was discovered half a century ago. Seligman and Maier (1967) theorized that animals learned that outcomes were independent of their responses—that nothing they did mattered – and that this learning undermined trying to escape. The mechanism of learned... See more

These fndings indicate that, while MBCT is a reliable and e

fcacious intervention,

there is a need to address the sustainability of treatment-related improvements in patients with

BD