Sublime

Using a gene for light-detecting proteins taken from algae to rebuild nerve cells, scientists successfully restored limited vision to a blind man in 2021.

Notable examples are the gerontologist Aubrey de Grey and the polymath and inventor Ray Kurzweil (winner of the 1999 US National Medal of Technology and Innovation). In 2012 Kurzweil was appointed a director of engineering at Google, and a year later Google launched a sub-company called Calico whose stated mission is ‘to solve death’.26

Following amputation of the head, with the elimination of the head organizer (HO), HA and HI gradients would be destined to disappear. But since HA is more stable than HI (HA half-life = 36 h, HI half-life = 3.2 h), the formation of a new organizer, able to restore the morphogenetic gradients, will be induced. This will ensure the differentiation o

We know that life’s remarkable robustness, in large part, is dependent on variation; systems that suppress or lose their diversity are prone to collapse.

Look to nature to learn how reality works.

Although these measures are only in their nascent stages, they show us that quantifying biological knowledge—information that aids far-from-equilibrium survival—can someday be a tractable task.