Drive

“When money is used as an external reward for some activity, the subjects lose intrinsic interest for the activity,

Precisely

From this episode, Twain extracts a key motivational principle, namely “that Work consists of whatever a body is obliged to do, and that Play consists of whatever a body is not obliged to do.

will look at mastery, our urge to get better and better at what we do. Chapter 6 will explore purpose, our yearning to be part of something larger than ourselves.

Call this early operating system Motivation 1.0. It wasn’t especially elegant, nor was it much different from those of rhesus monkeys, giant apes, or many other animals. But it served us nicely. It worked well. Until it didn

key reason: Routine work can be outsourced or automated; artistic, empathic, nonroutine work generally cannot.10

Human beings, Deci said, have an “inherent tendency to seek out novelty and challenges, to extend and exercise their capacities, to explore, and to learn.

large majority of programmers, the researchers discovered, reported that they frequently reached the state of optimal challenge called “

We also had a second drive—to seek reward and avoid punishment more broadly. And it was from this insight that a new operating system—call it Motivation 2.0—arose.