Sublime

Reform was in the air when Murphy took control of Tammany, and he put the organization at the head of the parade. As he saw it, reform had too many ramifications to be left to the reformers. Under Murphy, Tammany became the most potent force for effecting economic and social change in New York.

by deploying alternative news feed algorithms on in-silico social media platforms, where large language model (LLM) agents that mimic human social media users interact with one another, we can explore and test the impact of these alternative algorithms on macro-level social outcomes, such as conflicts and polarization.[385]

politicization—the mapping of a disagreement onto a contest—is

I think the scale of clandestine government activities is a pretty good measure of the popular dissidence and activism in a country—and clandestine activities shot way up during the Reagan period. That tells you something right there about popular “empowerment”: it’s a reflection of people’s power that the government was forced underground. That’s

and against approaches

perspective in Asia, arguing that certain transcendent movements (the Islamic revolution in Iran and Maoism, like Solidarity in Poland) were as important to the unraveling of the Cold War as any other development in the West.

La gouvernance des experts n’est plus aujourd’hui un phénomène propre à l’Union européenne. On la retrouve partout en Occident. Yascha Mounk pointe, dans Le peuple contre la démocratie, l’inflation spectaculaire aux États-Unis des normes édictées par les agences fédérales par rapport aux lois votées par les représentants de la nation.

The social foundation of this era was an urban industrial working class. That class comprised many migrants from Ireland and southern and eastern Europe, or their children and grandchildren, and southern whites who were struck by the Depression but actually had never recovered from the Civil War. They were either already organized or organizing int