Sublime

(see the Appendix for info on the 2009 edition, the “Shin Shogen”),

In the Japanese art of this period we see the emergence of wabi, sabi, aware, and yugen—qualities that have become synonymous with the Zen aesthetic. Wabi is a sense of loneliness or solitude. Sabi is the suchness of ordinary objects, the basic, unmistakable uniqueness of a thing in and of itself. Aware is a feeling of nostalgia, a longing for the