Sublime

Table rase (tabula rasa), puis saisie du sujet par lui-même comme seul principe absolument certain, enfin constructivisme radical (au sens où la connaissance et l’Histoire sont activement produites par les artefacts de l’ingéniosité humaine) : tel est donc le triptyque qui définit, dans ses fondements théoriques, l’avènement

O Eu penso é o princípio mais geral da representação, isto é, a fonte desses elementos e a unidade de todas essas faculdades: eu concebo, eu julgo, eu imagino e me recordo, eu percebo – como os quatro ramos do Cogito. E, precisamente sobre esses ramos, é crucificada a diferença. Quádruplo cambão, em que só pode ser pensado como diferente o que é id

La philosophie moderne commence avec Descartes dont la certitude fondamentale est sa propre existence et celle de ses pensées, d’où le monde extérieur doit être déduit. Ceci ne fut qu’une première étape dans un développement qui passa par Berkeley et Kant, pour atteindre Fichte pour qui tout était une émanation du Moi. C’était là de la folie et c’e

When God’s existence has been proved, the rest proceeds easily. Since God is good, He will not act like the deceitful demon whom Descartes has imagined as a ground for doubt. Now God has given me such a strong inclination to believe in bodies that He would be deceitful if there were none; therefore bodies exist. He must, moreover, have given me the

The living cell as an autonomous system can be seen as a “self without localization”

by analogy

I come now to Descartes’s two most important books, so far as pure philosophy is concerned. These are the Discourse on Method (1637) and the Meditations (1642). They largely overlap, and it is not necessary to keep them apart.

The very critical thinking that Bacon and Descartes unleashed has shown that observation requires a vast, preexisting conceptual structure, and even reason’s most obvious assumptions (Descartes’s “clear and distinct ideas”) can be mistaken.

não poderia também haver nem “sujeito em si”, autônomo e livre, nem “fatos em si”, objetivos e absolutamente verdadeiros.