Sublime

In our view, the key to understanding how societies evolve is to understand factors that determine the costs and rewards of employing violence. Every human society, from the hunting band to the empire, has been informed by the interactions of megapolitical factors that set the prevailing version of the “laws of nature.”

More important, the analogy between history and biology that underpins the “clash of civilizations” thesis is false. Human groups—all the way from small tribes to huge civilizations—are fundamentally different from animal species, and historical conflicts differ greatly from natural selection processes.

According to this view, Sapiens replaced all the previous human populations without merging with them.

Aubrey Woolls-Sampson.

Judge James Barry

Every culture has its typical beliefs, norms and values, but these are in constant flux.