Sublime

The text involved two sub-topics: measurement of intelligence, and structure of intelligence.

Answer: This protest against school curricula has a surface plausibility: How can we expect to train the next generation of scientists if we are not training them to do what scientists actually do? But a flawed assumption underlies the logic, namely that students are cognitively capable of doing what scientists or historians do. The cognitive princ

Thus, background knowledge allows chunking, which makes more room in working memory, which makes it easier to relate ideas, and therefore to comprehend. Background knowledge also clarifies

Intelligence is not only the ability to reason; it is also the ability to find relevant material in memory and to deploy attention when needed.

The basic rule stands: in any multitask situation, whenever we have to perform multiple cognitive operations under the control of attention, at least one of the operations is slowed down or forgotten altogether. Because

Preschool boosts a child’s IQ by more than four points, and if the school includes language training, by more than seven points.

It is a critical point that as you learn new things, you don’t lose from long-term memory most of what you have learned well in life; rather, through disuse or the reassignment of cues, you forget it in the sense that you’re unable to call it up easily.

j’ai été stupéfait quand un psychologue cognitif avec lequel je discutais m’a orienté vers un très grand nombre d’études trop souvent ignorées, au demeurant, qui montraient que la phase d’apprentissage, elle-même, pour acquérir des connaissances de façon pérenne, doit être étalée dans le temps même si cela se traduit par de piètres résultats aux év

In 2007, the U.S. Department of Education published a report by six scientists and an accomplished teacher who were asked to identify learning strategies that truly have scientific backing. Spacing, testing, and using making-connections questions were on the extremely short list. All three impair performance in the short term.