The way Bruce figured, rich people were probably no smarter than he was, they just had knowledge he lacked.

Don’t make the mistake of dropping material from your testing regime once you’ve gotten it correct a couple of times. If it’s important, it needs to be practiced, and practiced again. And don’t put stock in momentary gains that result from massed practice. Space your testing, vary your practice, keep the long view.

Incompetent people lack the skills to improve because they are unable to distinguish between incompetence and competence. This phenomenon, of particular interest for metacognition, has been named the Dunning-Kruger effect after the psychologists David Dunning and Justin Kruger. Their research showed that incompetent people overestimate their own co

This presumption by the professor that her students will readily follow something complex that appears fundamental in her own mind is a metacognitive error, a misjudgment of the matchup between what she knows and what her students know. Mazur says that the person who knows best what a student is struggling with in assimilating new concepts is not t

So says physicist and educator Eric Mazur of Harvard.

The better you know something, the more difficult it becomes to teach it.

the false consensus effect. We generally fail to recognize the idiosyncratic nature of our personal understanding of the world and interpretation of events and that ours differ from others’.

the knew-it-all-along effect, in which we view events after the fact as having been more predictable than they were before they occurred.

own that are consistent with our narrative but may be wrong. People remember things that were implied but not specifically stated.