Understanding EEG & brainwave frequencies

T3 and C3’ (temporal and central sites on the left side of the head) are both close to two well-established areas of the cerebral cortex known to be involved in dialogue, namely Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area (see Kolb & Wishaw, 1995).Self- talk in these circumstances is usually associated with negative emotion-the athlete talking to him- or

The number of EEG cycles occurring within a given time interval is called its frequency and is measured in hertz (Hz) or cycles per second (GPS). The greater the number of cycles per second, the higher the frequency

One of the most robust findings in sport psychophysiology, at least from a group data perspective, is the association between left hemisphere alpha (8- to 13-Hz activity from sites on the left of the brain) and good performance in a variety of sports, including target sports (e.g. shooting: Hatfield, Landers, & Ray. 1984; archery: Landers, Petr

The basic idea underlying intention is that increased levels of power in the alpha band are associated with less utilisation of retinal feedback in oculomotor and asso- ciated control. In other words, when alpha levels are high in sport settings, it is likely that the individual is controlling movements through reference to a stored model or intern

Forexample,theathlete may hear a tone, the presence of which indicates the Occurrence of EEG alpha ac- tivity of 20 pV or greater. He may recognize that whenever this tone appears, he coincidentally experiences a relaxed, “idling” mental state where he is not thinking a b o u t a n y t h i n g i n p a r t i c u l a r . By s u s t a i n i n g t h i

EEG feedback is an instrumental learning process whose end result is the facilita- tion of voluntary control of EEG activity. This procedure involves the use of exter- nal EEG monitoring devices especially designed to convey to the individual ongoing informationconcerningtheelectricalactivityofhisherbrain.

EEG biofeedback could affect athletic performance, specifically in target sports such as shooting, archery, and golf. For example, Hatfield, Landers, and Ray (1984) reported that as shooters prepare to shoot, there is a marked shift from left to right hemispheric activation. Crews (1991) found that for golf performance, the greater left-to-right he

The EEG appears to contain four major frequency bands: beta (above 13 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz), theta (4-7 Hz), and delta (0.5-3.5 Hz). An EEG is not useful for determining specific brain functions, but for discerning more general states of arousal, which are identified as: delta: deep sleep; theta: periods of dreaming: alpha: relaxed awareness; beta:

The electroencephalogram, or EEG, is a complex bioelectric signal that reflects the functional status of large pools of cortical neurons and their modulation by subcorti- cal regulatory influences