economics

wars in the Middle East, and this-time-we-really-mean-it producer discipline, the world exits 2024 with oil down for the year and clinging to the bottom of its heavily-managed range. As measured in ounces of gold, the stuff has basically never been cheaper. We turn to China for a key reason why:

“ Trucking fleets in China are embracing

First, the Indian corporate bond market is highly skewed and accessible only to large, established, and high-rated firms. Over 80% of bonds issued are rated AA and above.

Exporting capital means importing demand, and except in a few restricted and very specific cases, importing capital, especially for rich countries, will mean slower growth and rising unemployment. The “currency wars” that have been much in the news recently are simply “wars” in which countries try desperately to export their unwanted savings to

And from 1991 to 2019, Japan’s broad money supply never grew more than 5% year-over-year. Even last year in 2020, during this pandemic era of actual money-printing, Japan only grew their broad money supply by a little over 10% during the year, compared to 25% during the year for the United States.

Part of this historically slow broad money supply

The strength or weakness of the U.S. dollar is very important for global growth, including S&P 500 earnings growth. A stronger dollar generally impedes growth, while a weaker dollar boosts it.

So, what does a low-carbon future look like at sea?

It won’t be one single fuel or technology, but a mix. LNG is already being used as a transition fuel, making up over a third of all new ship orders in 2024. Methanol is gaining ground quickly, while ammonia and hydrogen are seen as the next generation of zero-emission fuels, though technical and

with electricity rose from less than 10 percent in 1935 to nearly 50 percent by 1945.

In a stark contrast, our report shows that higher tariff barriers in deficit countries like the United States only have a minor impact on global imbalances. This is because tariffs act as a negative supply shock in the tariffing countries. They reduce both investment, which is less profitable, and savings to smooth the income shock—leaving current

A basic industry with few players, rational management, barriers to entry, a lack of exit barriers and non-complex rules of engagement is the perfect setting for companies to engage in cooperative behaviour.