Breakthroughs become defaults
Significant problems attract many attempts; variation competes, selection clarifies, and emergence converges into a standard—the edge becomes the baseline.
Breakthroughs become defaults
Good Products Are Hard to Vary
- Good products are hard to vary, similar to how good explanations are hard to vary.
- Consider the iPhone's design; despite numerous attempts across generations, its fundamental form factor remains largely unchanged.
- The iPhone embodies a smooth, perfect, and beautiful design focused around a single screen, multi-touch
Naval • Good Products Are Hard to Vary
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Visa's Automated Clearinghouse
- As Visa's network grew, the settlement process became exponentially complex, resembling an n-squared computer science problem.
- Visa addressed this challenge by developing its own automated clearinghouse (ACH) system, named Base Two, for electronic settlement.
- Simultaneously, the Federal Reserve's San Francisco branch