In The Rise of Victimhood Culture, Campbell and Manning describe the different modes of social conflict resolution in different times and cultures. They look at how people relate to each other, moralize those relationships, establish their place in the world, and seek status and justice. They identify the recent emergence of a culture of victimhood

Emotion is not a casual add-on to the cognitive talk of policies we think of as politics. On the contrary, politics can be the platter on which emotions are delivered. And to understand politicized emotion, we need to understand what people have gone through and care about.

This led to the November 2016 phenomenon of anguish signaling. It allowed those who genuinely felt unsafe, who no longer felt themselves surrounded by the unanimous consensus that they viewed as their social backdrop, to regain some sense of stability. By having the displays be as intense and public as possible, it let the true believers recognize