The-Evolution-of-Indias-Welfare-System-From-2008-2023

Besides revenue deficit grants, we have recommended grants and incentives for various sectors. These grants revolve around four main themes. The first is social sector, where we have focused on health and education critical to a large and particularly vulnerable subset of the population. Both these sectors face unprecedented challenges with the pan

This includes taxes like SGST (the state’s share of GST), excise duties on alcohol, property stamp duties, and vehicle taxes. The good news is that states’ tax collections have become stronger since the pandemic. Tax buoyancy—a measure of how tax revenue grows with the economy—has improved from 0.86 before the pandemic to 1.44 now. This means state

o IBGE realiza uma Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF), em que busca determinar o que cada família consome, agrupados em nove itens,

Fortunately, we never attempted to subsidise rice or other staple foodstuffs. Those governments which have done so face grave problems, as more and more of their revenue goes into feeding more and more mouths at subsidised prices, generating overpopulation, under-education, low economic growth, massive unemployment and resulting social unrest. And