Variation: seek out new ideas and try new things Survivability: try new things out at a scale where failure is survivable Selection: seek out feedback and learn from your mistakes as you go along

Clay Christensen found that successful managers “planned to fail early and inexpensively in the search for the market for a disruptive technology. They found that their markets generally coalesced through an iterative process of trial, learning, and trial again.”

Studies have shown that short-term losses in experimentation can facilitate innovation and performance in the long run.