2. Separate debate from decision-making. The informed captain model works because it clearly distinguishes between the phase where you gather input and the phase where you make the call. This prevents endless consensus-seeking while ensuring decisions are well-informed.

The key insight here is that the informed captain isn't just someone with authority – they're specifically the person who has done the work to understand different perspectives. As Angela put it, the responsibility isn't just to make the call, but to "explicitly and proactively solicit opinions that they know will be different to their own."