This view is the dominant one in spite of a complete absence of evidence that unipolar depression is anything more than just severe normal depression. No one has established the kind of distinction between them that has been established between dwarfs, for instance, and short normal people—a qualitative distinction.

However, despite this extensive focus on medical treatments, there was a noticeable lack of meaningful discourse about the mind itself—its connection to consciousness, its intangible aspects, and its role in shaping human experience beyond the framework of pathology. This glaring omission underscores a reductionist tendency in Western mental health