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Semiotics, the study of signs and symbols

whenever societies develop writing, oral storytelling initially intersects with writing technologies to produce foundational texts.

Sally Mallam • The Written Word

Metaphors We Web By

Maggie Appleton maggieappleton.com

In 2002, a seanchas study was done at the Gerry Tobin Irish Language School in Babylon, New York, to reconstruct the lost Celtic creation myth. Seanchas is much more than genealogical research and includes the entire native tradition in history, law, social norms, and genealogy of a tribe.

Hourly History • Celtic Mythology: A Concise Guide to the Gods, Sagas and Beliefs (Greek Mythology - Norse Mythology - Egyptian Mythology - Celtic Mythology)

Through linguistic offshoots, such as writing, we are able to practice a unique phenomenon: exbodiment , in which byproducts of our cognition can be captured, stored, shared, and passed through generations.

Brian Klaas • The Death of the Student Essay—and the Future of Cognition

This is memory’s task of retrospection, to integrate the knowledge that we have, to impute a sense of cause and effect to the events in our lives, and to offer a sense of meaning.

Abby Smith Rumsey • When We Are No More: How Digital Memory Is Shaping Our Future

Use history to understand the present.

Due to the unique challenges with spoken English, spellings are chosen to represent sound while preserving meaning. In other words, English is a morpho-phonemic language where the morphology or meaning of words is balanced with the phonemic representation of words, resulting in some phonograms representing multiple sounds.

Denise Eide • Uncovering The Logic of English: A Common-Sense Approach to Reading, Spelling, and Literacy

Two early figures stand out: Hippias of Elis, who produced the lists of winners in the Olympic Games that provided the basic chronological framework as long as the pagan classical tradition lasted, and Hellanicus of Lesbos, who compiled more than two dozen histories from civic records, all of them now lost.