Sublime
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We need very large (multi-gigawatt-hour) storage for big cities and megacities, but so far the only viable option to serve them is pumped hydro storage (PHS): it uses cheaper nighttime electricity to pump water from a low-lying reservoir to high-lying storage, and its discharge provides instantly available generation.[76] With renewably generated
... See moreVaclav Smil • How the World Really Works: The Science Behind How We Got Here and Where We're Going
In large, populous nations, the complete reliance on these renewables would require what we are still missing: either mass-scale, long-term (days to weeks) electricity storage that would back up intermittent electricity generation, or extensive grids of high-voltage lines to transmit electricity across time zones and from sunny and windy regions to
... See moreVaclav Smil • How the World Really Works: The Science Behind How We Got Here and Where We're Going
550,00 t and