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In psychology there are at least two biases that drive this pattern. One is confirmation bias:23 seeing what we expect to see. The other is desirability bias:24 seeing what we want to see. These biases don’t just prevent us from applying our intelligence. They can actually contort our intelligence into a weapon against the truth.
Adam Grant • Think Again: The Power of Knowing What You Don't Know

Even when faced with evidence that their predictions are wrong, experts conjure up ways to defend their choices, in large part to preserve their self-images. The lesson is that even good feedback is not useful if you do not use it.
Michael J. Mauboussin • Think Twice: Harnessing the Power of Counterintuition
Howard Gardner (developmental psychologist) on 7 Types of Leadership that can help understand the way different people think:
Linguistic: ability to speak and write well
Logic-mathematical: ability to use logic and mathematical skills to solve problems
Spatial: ability to think and reason about objects in three dimensions
Musical: ability to perform an

Beware the Forer Effect—believing a generic statement was tailored for you.