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While making racism bad seems like a positive change, we have to look at how this functions in practice. Within this paradigm, to suggest that I am racist is to deliver a deep
Robin DiAngelo • White Fragility: Why It's So Hard for White People to Talk About Racism
If we become adults who explicitly oppose racism, as do many, we often organize our identity around a denial of our racially based privileges that reinforce racist disadvantage for others.
Robin DiAngelo • White Fragility: Why It's So Hard for White People to Talk About Racism
Receiving feedback that our behavior had a racist impact (challenge to white racial innocence) • Suggesting that group membership is significant (challenge to individualism)
Robin DiAngelo • White Fragility: Why It's So Hard for White People to Talk About Racism
challenge her self-image as someone exempt from racism.
Robin DiAngelo • White Fragility: Why It's So Hard for White People to Talk About Racism
white-norm-centered,
Robin DiAngelo • White Fragility: Why It's So Hard for White People to Talk About Racism
Example 3: White Fragility: Why It Is So Hard to Talk to White People about Race by Robin DiAngelo (2018)
Helen Pluckrose • Cynical Theories: How Activist Scholarship Made Everything about Race, Gender, and Identity—and Why This Harms Everybody
social forces that prevent us from attaining the racial knowledge we need to engage more productively, and they function powerfully to hold the racial hierarchy in place.
Robin DiAngelo • White Fragility: Why It's So Hard for White People to Talk About Racism
As NPR’s Don Gonyea points out, a remarkable preponderance of white