Sublime

In controversial experiments, now simply known as the Milgram Experiments, named for the psychologist Stanley Milgram, researchers told “normal” people that they were to punish other volunteers for breaking various rules. And punish them they did, sometimes escalating the punishment to the point of physical abuse. Almost none of the punishers objec

In the summer of 1971, Zimbardo took healthy Stanford students, assigned them roles as either “guards” or “inmates,” and locked them in a makeshift “prison” in the basement of Stanford University. In just days, the “prisoners” began to demonstrate symptoms of depression and extreme stress, while the “guards” began to act cruel and sadistic (the exp

Tajfel découvrit que ses sujets affichaient une nette préférence pour les membres de leur propre groupe, refusant d’adopter une stratégie de distribution égalitaire, et récompensant de manière disproportionnée ceux à qui ils s’identifiaient désormais. D’autres chercheurs ont réparti des individus dans différents groupes selon des stratégies encore

Dans ses études, Tajfel démontre deux choses : premièrement, que les humains sont sociaux, et deuxièmement qu’ils sont antisociaux. Ils sont sociaux parce qu’ils aiment les membres de leur propre groupe. Antisociaux parce qu’ils n’aiment pas ceux des autres groupes.

Research by Claude Steele and Joshua Aronson shows that even checking a box to indicate your race or sex can trigger the stereotype in your mind and lower your test score.

The scary thing about Asch’s conformity experiments is that you can get many people to say black is white, if you put them in a room full of other people saying the same thing. The hopeful thing about Asch’s conformity experiments is that a single dissenter tremendously drove down the rate of conformity, even if the dissenter was only giving a diff

In Asch’s study: Solomon Asch’s classic study about the pressure to conform to a group was published in Groups, Leadership, and Men, edited by Harold Guetzkow (Pittsburgh: Carnegie Press, 1951). Asch’s chapter, titled “Effects of Group Pressure upon the Modification and Distortion of Judgment,” appears on pages 177–90.

Ceux qui refusent de réagir de manière adéquate pour protéger leur territoire risquent autant de se faire exploiter que ceux qui ne peuvent se défendre pour des raisons d’incapacité ou de déséquilibre flagrant des forces en présence.

In two preregistered laboratory studies, we approached a total of 209 participants (“Experi- encers”) with a highly intrusive request: to unlock their password-protected smartphones and hand them over to an experimenter to search through while they waited in another room. A sepa- rate 194 participants (“Forecasters”) were brought into the lab and a