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Crying-related sadness is associated with increased heart rate and increased skin conductance (Gross et al., 1994), while noncrying sadness is associated with a reduction in heart rate, reduced skin conductance, and increased respiration (Gross et al., 1994; Rottenberg et al., 2003).

Chronic sadness is often (mis)diagnosed as a depressive disorder (Horwitz and Wakefield, 2007), and parallel bodies of literature linked psychological distress and depressive disorder to higher risk of chronic physical conditions (Bhattacharya et al., 2014) and premature mortality (Russ et al., 2012), with effects comparable to or larger than the... See more

Sadness is typically characterized by raised inner eyebrows, lowered corners of the mouth, reduced walking speed, and slumped posture

Results demonstrated that the misery-is-not-miserly effect occurs only when self-focus is high. That is, self-focus moderates the effect of sadness on spending.

Although sadness may make people more accurate in some contexts (Alloy & Abramson, 1979), it also makes them prefer immediate gratification—and that preference is not an attribute associated with wisdom.