Nandani Agarwal
@nandani
Nandani Agarwal
we rely on the time-theoretical levels proposed by Klonek et al. (2019): nano-time (leader–follower interactions or behaviors that evolve within microseconds or frames per second), micro-time (leader–follower interactions or behaviors that evolve over the course of seconds, minutes, or an hour), macro-time (leader–follower interactions or behaviors... See more
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time in leadership
Observable behaviors include verbal utterances, text-based behavior, and nonverbal behavior (e.g., gaze, facial expressions, gestures, movement cues, and voice tone and pitch).
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what are observable behaviors
back to the drawing board to identify unique behavioral building blocks (i.e., concrete behaviors that build the foundation of broader leadership styles) to be used to differentially predict specific outcomes
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focus should be identifying unique behaviors to predict outcomes
Although several reviews have examined the downstream consequences of leader behavior (e.g., Ceri-Booms et al., 2017; DeRue et al., 2011; McClean et al., 2019), they have largely included studies that exclusively rely on followers' perceptions of leader behavior instead of actual leader behavior , with such perceptions often being captured at one... See more
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problem w leadership research cross-sectionally
Accordingly, leadership constitutes an interactional phenomenon that unfolds through discrete observable behaviors (e.g., Gerpott et al., 2019; Uhl-Bien, 2006). This conceptualization of leadership has resulted in a growing scientific interest in observing, manipulating, or training actual leader behaviors; the effects thereof on the behaviors and... See more
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leadership research - focus on micro behaviors and interactions
In a process-oriented definition of leadership, social interactions take center stage (Uhl-Bien, 2006).
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leadership as a process - social interactions imp
Leadership can be defined as a formal or informal, contextually rooted, and goal-influencing process that occurs between leaders and followers (Day & Antonakis, 2012).
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leadership as a process between leaders and followers
defining leadership as a process, it makes a considerable difference whether leadership is defined as “a social and goal-oriented influence process, unfolding in a temporal and spatial milieu” (Fischer et al. 2017, p. 1726) or more concretely as “an interactional phenomenon that unfolds through discrete observ-able behaviors” (Hemshorn de Sanchez... See more
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leadership as a process
In the context of team problem-solving interactions, these previous findings suggest behavioral contingencies between leaders and followers, such that leaders' solution-focused behaviors could invite subsequent solution-focused behaviors by team members.
How transformational leadership works during team interactions: A ...
moment to moment dynamics