Thought Experiments

Thought experiments help us explore complex ideas and ethical dilemmas.

The Benevolent Dictator: Would you prefer a perfectly just and efficient dictatorship or a flawed democracy? This experiment prompts us to consider the value we place on individual freedom and political participation versus effective governance.

Imagine if governments decided to add Prozac, an antidepressant, to the public water supply with the intention of enhancing the population's overall happiness. What ethical, medical, and social implications would arise from this decision, considering the principles of consent, the nature of happiness, and the potential impacts on societal well-bein... See more

The Ship of Theseus: If a ship has all of its components replaced over time, is it still the same ship? (This thought experiment questions the nature of identity and whether an object remains the same if all of its parts are replaced.)

Imagine a society without any form of government. People come together and agree to form a government. What powers would you be willing to give to this government, and what rights would you reserve for individuals? This thought experiment, associated with philosophers like Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, explores the nature and legitimacy ... See more

chinese room

The Reversal Test: When considering a proposed policy, imagine if the roles were reversed. For example, if a policy proposes special treatment for a particular group, consider if you would support it if your own group were not the beneficiary. This experiment, proposed by philosopher Nick Beckstead, can help reveal biases and inconsistencies in our... See more

The Experience Machine: If you could plug into a machine that would give you any experience you desired, would you do it? This experiment, proposed by philosopher Robert Nozick, questions the value of living in the real world versus a simulated reality tailored to one's preferences. It challenges the notion of hedonism, the idea that pleasure is th

The Survival Lottery: In a society facing a severe shortage of organs for transplantation, a lottery system is proposed where individuals are randomly selected to be killed for their organs to save multiple lives. Would you support such a system? This experiment, proposed by philosopher John Harris, pushes the logic of utilitarianism to its limits ... See more

The Veil of Ignorance: Proposed by philosopher John Rawls, this thought experiment asks you to design a just society without knowing your place in it. The "veil" obscures details about yourself such as your age, sex, intelligence, wealth, or race. The idea is to promote fairness and equality, as decisions would be made without considering one's own