strange ways
how and why capitalism is so intensely neuronormative, becoming more so with each passing decade. While all societies and economic systems have some standard of what is considered acceptable or valuable mental functioning – and while some mental illness and disability will always exist – I suggest capitalism is disposed to much tighter standards
... See moreRobert Chapman • Empire of Normality
today, disability and disorder are understood in relation to concepts of statistical or medical normality. Yet in fact, there was no such conception in the ancient world. While the Pythagoreans had developed the concept of the arithmetic ‘mean’ shortly prior to the birth of Hippocrates, this concept was highly abstract. As Simon Raper has written,
... See moreRobert Chapman • Empire of Normality
phrenology not only ‘introduced the “average” to the masses, no matter how little factual basis it had. It provided, both in the United States and in the United Kingdom, a new way for white middle-class men and women to position themselves in an imagined statistical collective’.
Robert Chapman • Empire of Normality
When something is normative, it’s aspirational. It is also ideological.


















