research

(i) Antecedents – assessments of the challenges that may emerge prior to or during this process and cause difficulties,

lack of environment exploration [15], and lack of necessary occupational knowledge and skills in the key stages of determining career development goals [16].

Up until now, there have been many kinds of measurement tools for career decision-making difficulty, including the Career Decision Scale (CDS) [19], Career Factor Inventory (CFI) [20], and Career Decision-Making Difficulty Questionnaire (CDDQ) [21][22]. Among them, CDDQ is the most widely used [23]. At present, researchers in many countries (such... See more

Accordingly, the current study is based on the premise that non-cognitive aspects are integral to the career decision-making process (Gati & Tal, 2008) and tries to develop an empirically-based model of this process linking cognitive (search for work self-efficacy) and non-cognitive (psychological well-being) components.

Based on theoretical considerations and the constructs underlying the assessments, there are three categories of assessments in Antecedents: (1) Readiness includes assessments of dysfunctional beliefs about career decision making, career decision-making self-efficacy, willingness to engage in the process, and career indecisiveness; (2) Orientation... See more