When cities that have already had import-replacing episodes in their past, and thus already have large and comprehensive local economies, go on to replace imports rapidly yet again, they garner an economic margin in their local economies for adding extraordinary, even unprecedented, goods and services. It was just such cities, already big but growi

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Author and activist Jane Jacobs argued that cities thrive when they mingle “everyday diversity of uses and users in its everyday streets.”

The problem is to hamper excess duplications at one place, and divert them instead to other places in which they will not be excess duplications, but healthy additions. The other places may be at some distance, or very close by indeed. But in any case they cannot be fixed on arbitrarily. They must be places where the use concerned will have an exce

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