White Fragility
In summary, our socialization engenders a common set of racial patterns. These patterns are the foundation of white fragility:
Robin DiAngelo • White Fragility: Why It's So Hard for White People to Talk About Racism
Conceptualizing myself on an active continuum changes the question from whether I am or am not racist to a much more constructive question: Am I actively seeking to interrupt racism in this context? And perhaps even more importantly, how do I know?
Robin DiAngelo • White Fragility: Why It's So Hard for White People to Talk About Racism
exploring these cultural frameworks can be particularly challenging in Western culture precisely because of two key Western ideologies: individualism and objectivity.
Robin DiAngelo • White Fragility: Why It's So Hard for White People to Talk About Racism
The simplistic idea that racism is limited to individual intentional acts committed by unkind people is at the root of virtually all white defensiveness on this topic.