Whiplash

Nobody has ever won a Nobel Prize by doing what they’re told,

He believed that from the earliest age humans build mental models to explain the phenomena—a speeding car, a cat’s raspy tongue—that surround us. As we grow older our experiences collide with these models, forcing us to adjust the models to accommodate our ever-changing reality. As such, child’s play is the act of a child inventing and reinventing

Piaget spent much of his eighty-four years striving to understand how children—and by extension, adults—develop an understanding of the world.

the “four Ps” of creative learning—Projects, Peers, Passion, and Play—animated

This simple proposal—the standardization of that most modest of industrial components—inspired the development of interchangeable parts.14 “He helped spark the second Industrial Revolution,” says Tom Knight, the MIT synthetic biologist. “You can’t overstate the importance of standardization to the creative process. An inventor wants to invent, not

Two days later the Macintosh 128K introduced the graphical user interface, forever transforming our relationship with technology. Computers were cute. They were friendly, easy to use, no longer so challenging. Children went from being budding programmers to passive users. Separately, as Papert later lamented, the

new products and technological interventions without considering their ecological, social, and network effects has passed.

In

“The way we wrote about computers at Business-Week, the way most people talked about computers, were as tools, a way to get jobs done,” he says. “But Papert saw computers as something that could help you see the world in new ways and as a medium for kids to express their ideas.”