Whiplash

the “four Ps” of creative learning—Projects, Peers, Passion, and Play—animated

This simple proposal—the standardization of that most modest of industrial components—inspired the development of interchangeable parts.14 “He helped spark the second Industrial Revolution,” says Tom Knight, the MIT synthetic biologist. “You can’t overstate the importance of standardization to the creative process. An inventor wants to invent, not

new products and technological interventions without considering their ecological, social, and network effects has passed.

When we talk about learning—as opposed to education—we’re really talking about replacing the traditional, one-way, top-down model of knowledge transmission with an active, connected system that teaches people how to learn. Education is what other people do to you. Learning is what you do to yourself.

The quantity, or level, of complexity is influenced by four inputs: heterogeneity, a network, interdependency, and adaptation.

addition to “buy low, sell high,” another important lesson from venture investing is that when the cost of innovation becomes very low, trying to reduce losses is less important than trying to amplify your wins. In this chapter we discussed the idea of not spending more on due diligence than the price of the investment, and the importance of not po

the world is going from “stocks” to “flows.”

Piaget spent much of his eighty-four years striving to understand how children—and by extension, adults—develop an understanding of the world.

Two days later the Macintosh 128K introduced the graphical user interface, forever transforming our relationship with technology. Computers were cute. They were friendly, easy to use, no longer so challenging. Children went from being budding programmers to passive users. Separately, as Papert later lamented, the

“The way we wrote about computers at Business-Week, the way most people talked about computers, were as tools, a way to get jobs done,” he says. “But Papert saw computers as something that could help you see the world in new ways and as a medium for kids to express their ideas.”