In Return of the Strong Gods , I do not tackle big questions about the origins of modernity and our condition of disenchantment. I focus on the events of the twentieth century, which, I argue, led to the dominance of creativity, innovation, transgression, and “openness.” But the winds of change are blowing. The open society—a creature of the... See more

There are many ways to explain the origins of this remarkable turn against obedience. The standard Enlightenment narrative is one of progress. We have left behind stultifying inherited authorities, and now, for the first time in history, we are free to live in accord with nature and reason. There are other, less triumphalist accounts. The great... See more

To a striking degree, we dismiss the promise of receptive obedience and seek to rely entirely on our capacity for independent invention. We believe only in the ideals and sentiments that have fueled the liberal tradition, not just in theology, but also in education and culture more broadly.