In Roman gladiatorial tournaments masks were sometimes used. From archaeological evidence it is clear that these were not only protective but also helped make the wearer appear more intimidating. In medieval Europe and in Japan soldiers and samurai wore similarly ferocious-looking protective armour, extending to face-masks.

A mask is an object normally worn on the face, typically for protection, disguise, performance, or entertainment, and often employed for rituals and rites.

She signalled her modesty and virtue by wearing such plain and sober gowns that the king approvingly called her his ‘sweet sister Temperance’.10 The effect was not only to distance herself from the scandal that had threatened to engulf her after the fall of Thomas Seymour, but also to distinguish herself from her elder half-sister Mary, whose