Due to the unique challenges with spoken English, spellings are chosen to represent sound while preserving meaning. In other words, English is a morpho-phonemic language where the morphology or meaning of words is balanced with the phonemic representation of words, resulting in some phonograms representing multiple sounds.

The 44 sounds can be spelled in 74 basic ways, 25 of which make more than one sound.

A E O U usually say their names at the end of a syllable.

phonograms alone do not unlock the mystery of English spelling. There are 30 spelling rules which interplay with the phonograms and affect the pronunciation and spelling of words.

coherence in the midst of complexity is more alluring than if it had been in plain sight all along.

Rule 12.2 English words do not end in V or U.

Consonants on the other hand are sounds which are blocked by the tongue, teeth, or lips in some way. Most of them are difficult to sing or control for volume.

For students who are auditory or kinesthetic learners instead of visual learners, the result can be debilitating.

The problem is neither English nor individuals. The problem is that we cannot know what we were never taught.