Two Forms of the Dot Product

the inner product, or “dot product,” between the two vectors:

Let be a “unit vector”—a

When you study vector spaces, you also study the concepts of linear maps, kernel, rank, dimension, and codimension. Vector spaces are usually represented by letters and linear maps by arrows connecting these letters. But when I chose to picture vector spaces as bigger or smaller barrels (according to their dimension) and linear maps as bigger or sm