twenty-five Westerners and fifteen Chinese subjects

The basic task was to locate people who had been put through intensive reform experiences and communicate with them in meaningful emotional depth.

seventeen months of stimulating psychiatric investigation.

serving as an Air Force psychiatrist in Japan and Korea.

Is it related to psychotherapy?

How successful is thought reform?

imposed dogmas, inquisitions, and mass conversion movements

For despite the vicissitudes of brainwashing, the process which gave rise to the name is very much a reality: the official Chinese Communist program of szu-hsiang kai-tsao (variously translated as “ideological remolding,” “ideological reform,” or as we shall refer to it here, “thought reform”) has in fact emerged as one of the most powerful efforts

the term has a far from precise and a questionable usefulness;