In subsequent years Tesla has broadly followed through on this plan, with the introduction of the “sporty four-door” Model S in 2012 and the Model 3 in 2017 (though even the cheapest Tesla model, at about $40,000, cannot yet be described as affordable). It has become the world’s leading maker of electric cars, and in July 2020 it overtook Toyota to

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research suggests that, at scale, without depending on other automakers, LiDAR, and other unnecessary hardware, Tesla’s cost per mile could be ~30–40% lower than Waymo’s, as shown below.