Testosterone exists in free and bound form. Most of it is bound to sex hormone binding globulin (SHGB) which transport testosterone into cells and specific tissues. They control the rate of unbound testosterone. Tongat Ali and Boron seem to have a pro effect on free testosterone and estrogen and liberates bound testosterone.
Breathing through the nose is powerful to improve hormone production by improving sleep. Focus on breathing through the nose even during training unless on max effort exercises.
IL6 interacts with the receptors the sex hormones bind to, to prevent the effect of these receptors. It is particularly released during inflammation. Apnea and build up of CO2 in the body either caused or are caused by an decrease in estrogen and testosterone.
Fatherhood reduces testosterone and cortisol caused by an increase in prolactin. The theory is the decrease in sleep requires a surplus of fat. The act of sex and abstinence from sex can increase testosterone levels.
Competition increases testosterone in the short term, while winning and the subsequent release of dopamine increases testosterone further while loosing decreases it.