Popper called the algorithm used by science conjecture and refutation,

rather than explaining away the higher sciences, by reducing them to the lower ones until they disappear,

is when information gains causal power in the universe, and the origin of mind also makes the cut because it represents the emergence of subjective experience, which is something altogether new.

Universal Bayesianism is

way, ecosystems can be seen as high-level autocatalytic sets,

This war between science and religion made it hard for non-reductionist concepts like emergence to gain credibility,

level-crossing feedback loop would connect access consciousness to phenomenal consciousness (cortico-cortical loops) and both to the thalamus (thalamo-cortical loops), which is the brain’s relay center and the decider of where in the cortex sensory information gets sent to be processed.

The total amount of free energy in the universe must decrease with time. The total amount of thermal entropy in the universe must increase with time.

Structures like cyclones and vortices don’t emerge in spite of the universe’s tendency to become more entropic; they form because of it.