The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World
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The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World
The appearance of new ways of thinking and communicating, between 70,000 and 30,000 years ago, constitutes the Cognitive Revolution.
Yuval Noah Harari • Sapiens
Perhaps the first major horse-based society in Eurasia was the Yamnaya people, hypothesized to have emerged as an admixture of hunter-gatherers from the Caucasus and Eastern Europe. Their territory was the northern Caucasus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea (known as the Pontic-Caspian Steppe).
Jeffrey D. Sachs • The Ages of Globalization: Geography, Technology, and Institutions
Wagons with four solid wheels were heavy and slow and, lacking steering, could only make gentle turns, which limited their usefulness. Two-wheeled vehicles, or carts, which had emerged by 3000 B.C.E., were more maneuverable and could make much tighter turns, particularly if the wheels could turn independently, rather than being fixed at the ends of
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