Carvalho’s background is unusual. Born in 1947, in his late teens he became an opponent of the military regime and by 1966 was a member of the Communist Party. After just two years Carvalho left the Communist Party and went to university to study psychology. In the early 1980s he wrote A imagem do homem na astrologia (The Image of Man in Astrology,

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Economists had warned for some time that if the government planned to keep spending on emergency aid at the rate that it was doing, it would need to save by cutting spending elsewhere, by increasing the efficiency of the public administration, raising funds from new taxes or selling off state companies. This would be a complicated operation for any

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Sargon’s reign, over four thousand years ago, set the archetype of ‘king as father.’ He had himself portrayed as paternalism embodied, the Great Man, an ideal leader who stood above his people and knew what was best for them. In order to do so, Sargon also invented patronage as a business model for the arts, recognising the capacity of culture to e

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