People learn by creating their own understanding. But that does not mean they must or even can do it without assistance. Effective teaching facilitates that creation by getting students engaged in thinking deeply about the subject at an appropriate level and then monitoring that thinking and guiding it to be more expert-like.

This highlight voices a democratic vision of learning: children aren’t empty vessels but active sense-makers whose curiosity should drive how we design education, pushing schools to foster exploration over rote instruction.