One of the best habits a learner can instill in herself is regular self-quizzing to recalibrate her understanding of what she does and does not know.

rising familiarity with a text and fluency in reading it can create an illusion of mastery.

Testing: Dipstick versus Learning Tool

Are the differences such that they require different solutions, or are the similarities such that they respond to a common solution?

Learning is at least a three-step process: initial encoding of information is held in short-term working memory before being consolidated into a cohesive representation of knowledge in long-term memory. Consolidation reorganizes and stabilizes memory traces, gives them meaning, and makes connections to past experiences and to other knowledge

testing as a tool to identify and bring up your areas of weakness.

Accounts that sound familiar can create the feeling of knowing and be mistaken for true.

The way Bruce figured, rich people were probably no smarter than he was, they just had knowledge he lacked.

People who learn to extract the key ideas from new material and organize them into a mental model and connect that model to prior knowledge show an advantage in learning complex mastery. A mental model is a mental representation of some external reality.