False Analogy

A false analogy, also known as a faulty analogy, weak analogy, or wrongful comparison, is a logical fallacy that occurs when an argument is based on misleading, superficial, or implausible comparisons. It’s important to recognize that not all analogies are inherently flawed, but in the case of a false analogy, the comparison being... See more

Slippery Slope Fallacy

The slippery slope fallacy occurs when one claims that a seemingly harmless event or action will inevitably lead to a more extreme or negative outcome, without providing sufficient evidence for this chain of events. Recognizing this fallacy helps to avoid faulty reasoning and to strengthen arguments.

Appeal to Authority

The appeal to authority fallacy occurs when you rely too heavily on the opinion of a single person, especially if that person is trying to validate something outside of their expertise. A claim is considered true simply because an authority figure made it. This authority figure could be anyone from an instructor to a politician,... See more

False Dichotomy

A false dichotomy, also known as a false dilemma or either/or fallacy, occurs when an argument presents only two options as if they are the only possible choices when, in reality, more options exist. This type of fallacy limits the available choices to create the illusion that one option is clearly better than the other, steering... See more

Loaded Question

A loaded question is a type of fallacy where the question itself contains an assumption, making it difficult to provide a direct answer without appearing to agree with the assumption. This fallacy is commonly used in arguments to make the opponent appear guilty, uninformed, or biased.

Red Herring Fallacy

A red herring fallacy occurs when a misleading argument or question is presented to distract from the main issue or argument at hand. This diversion is often used to avoid addressing the actual topic or to shift the focus to an unrelated issue. To spot a red herring fallacy, pay attention to arguments that seem to wander... See more

No True Scotsman

The No True Scotsman fallacy occurs when you attempt to protect a generalized statement from a falsifying counterexample by improperly excluding the counterexample. This fallacy can be misleading and is often used to protect assertions that rely on universal generalizations.

Bandwagon Fallacy

The bandwagon fallacy occurs when you assume that a proposition is true simply because a significant number of people believe it to be true. Popularity alone doesn’t automatically make an idea valid, and using the number of supporters to justify a belief is a flawed argument. This fallacious reasoning can lead you to make poor... See more

Hasty Generalization

A hasty generalization is a logical fallacy where you draw a conclusion based on insufficient evidence. Instead of considering representative examples or adequate samples, you form a generalization about a population, situation, or phenomenon from a small, unrepresentative sample. This type of reasoning is flawed, as it often... See more