No True Scotsman

The No True Scotsman fallacy occurs when you attempt to protect a generalized statement from a falsifying counterexample by improperly excluding the counterexample. This fallacy can be misleading and is often used to protect assertions that rely on universal generalizations.

Burden of Proof Fallacy

The burden of proof fallacy occurs when someone claims that something is true and insists that it’s the responsibility of others to disprove it, rather than providing evidence to support their own assertion. This faulty reasoning can be used to support a weak argument, but it’s important to recognize when it happens to avoid... See more

Loaded Question

A loaded question is a type of fallacy where the question itself contains an assumption, making it difficult to provide a direct answer without appearing to agree with the assumption. This fallacy is commonly used in arguments to make the opponent appear guilty, uninformed, or biased.

False Analogy

A false analogy, also known as a faulty analogy, weak analogy, or wrongful comparison, is a logical fallacy that occurs when an argument is based on misleading, superficial, or implausible comparisons. It’s important to recognize that not all analogies are inherently flawed, but in the case of a false analogy, the comparison being... See more

Bandwagon Fallacy

The bandwagon fallacy occurs when you assume that a proposition is true simply because a significant number of people believe it to be true. Popularity alone doesn’t automatically make an idea valid, and using the number of supporters to justify a belief is a flawed argument. This fallacious reasoning can lead you to make poor... See more

Ad Ignorantiam (Appeal to Ignorance) Fallacy

The Ad Ignorantiam fallacy, also known as an appeal to ignorance, occurs when someone argues that something is true or false simply because it hasn’t been proven one way or the other. This type of fallacy is flawed and leads to unsupported conclusions due to the lack of contrary evidence.

Red Herring Fallacy

A red herring fallacy occurs when a misleading argument or question is presented to distract from the main issue or argument at hand. This diversion is often used to avoid addressing the actual topic or to shift the focus to an unrelated issue. To spot a red herring fallacy, pay attention to arguments that seem to wander... See more

Post Hoc Fallacy

A Post Hoc Fallacy occurs when one assumes that because an event (B) follows another event (A), event A must have caused event B. This is a fallacious argument because correlation does not necessarily imply causation. You should be careful not to fall into this trap when assessing events or evidence.

Hasty Generalization

A hasty generalization is a logical fallacy where you draw a conclusion based on insufficient evidence. Instead of considering representative examples or adequate samples, you form a generalization about a population, situation, or phenomenon from a small, unrepresentative sample. This type of reasoning is flawed, as it often... See more