Knowledge is claimed rather than merely had . It requires the learner to become, in some sense, the cause of her belief – to be able to say not only that it is so, but why it must be so

The humanist picture asks a different kind of question: how does one become the kind of agent for whom understanding is possible? What posture of inquiry is required? What relation must a learner bear to what is learned such that the learning is not merely an accumulation of correct outputs but a transformation of the knower?