Isabella I | Biography, Reign, & Facts | Britannica
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Isabella I | Biography, Reign, & Facts | Britannica
The world’s newly discovered lands were thus to be divided between two Catholic nations, Portugal and Spain. Yet other newcomers had quite different ideas. From the early sixteenth century onward, two other rising Atlantic powers, Britain and Holland, both part of the Reformation that rejected papal authority, aggressively contested the papal treat
... See moreJeffrey D. Sachs • The Ages of Globalization: Geography, Technology, and Institutions
Geoffrey Parker, his best biographer, finds an answer in late twentieth-century “prospect” theory: leaders, it suggests, risk more to avoid losses than to achieve gains.76 Given the empire Philip inherited and then expanded, he had a lot to lose. What’s strange, though, are the risks he ran to regain territories he hadn’t lost. It wasn’t Philip’s f
... See moreJohn Lewis Gaddis • On Grand Strategy
Henry IV of Castile (Enrique IV; 1425–1474), nicknamed "the Impotent," was King of Castile and León from 1454 to 1474. He was Isabella I's older half brother. His reign was marked by instability and weakening of royal power, as noble factions grew stronger and the kingdom became less centralized. Henry’s inability to produce a male heir, as well as
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Henrique lègue au Portugal la flotte la plus moderne, la meilleure de son époque, les plus habiles nautoniers pour vaincre l’océan.