form organizations, for all kinds of interests and purposes.

crypto projects are reinventing them through fee-funded treasuries and donor grant pools.

Democratic society works only if people are educated for it, and education cannot be democratic without involving direct political engagement.

John Dewey and Paulo Freire in articulating the interrelation of politics and education.

“constitutional monarch.”

sociologist Erik Olin Wright understood participatory associations as “real utopias” that contribute to a social change through “interstitial transformation.”

If democracy is the horizon, self-governance is a plausible practice for moving in that direction. Governable spaces, then, are where democratic self-governance can happen.

Democratic practices can emerge among feudal technologies. Administrators may feel rhetorical or social pressure to respect the values of community members in how they exert their otherwise absolute authority. Feudal networks can thereby exhibit forms of accountability that political scientist David Stasavage calls “early democracy,” resembling the

One rupture involves initiatives among territorial governments that introduce forms of citizen voice, often with new media in hand. These range from the advent of participatory budgeting processes in Porto Alegre, Brazil, in 1989 to the digital deliberation platforms adopted more recently in places like the city of Barcelona and the national