This means staying attuned to the possibility of a collective power, instead of attached to a proprietary pain.

The signs invite those of us who are not Indigenous to have a double consciousness—to remember that we are living in a nation that imposed itself onto other nations and tried to relegate those nations—their people, languages, cultures, ways of knowing—to the Shadow Lands.

Trouble is an excellent metaphor for death.”

After all of that anti-Zionist venting, Roth’s final message seemed clear. Yes, he had been a critic of Israel and an irreverent provocateur his whole life. But when it was all on the line, he, too, was willing to set his personal beliefs aside and do his duty for his fortressed, militarized tribe. His proxy character, the Real Roth, acted not as a

“all human, elastic, adaptable, humorous, creative” but declares that, in Israel, “all this they have replaced here with a stick!”

Fake Roth accuses Israel of, “in many, many terrible ways, deforming and disfiguring Jews as only our anti-Semitic enemies once had the power to do.”

And as the political scientist Corey Robin observed in a 2021 essay, Roth “isn’t speaking only of his family; he’s talking about the house of Israel.”

He was interested in imperfect victims, and the way trauma can be misused.

Wolf knows her Old Testament and makes a convincing biblical case that Genesis never promised Israel to the Jews exclusively, that it was always conditional on behaving justly, including being kind to strangers.